No information was found on this topic.

The prevalence of different severity and subtypes of dementia are reported in question 06.02.01. For HIV-dementia, a study estimates the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder of 98 participants from Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Hong Kong using the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) from 2013 to 2015. The results show that 38 (39%) and 25 (26%) participants scored below the cut-offs of IHDS (≤10) and MoCA (25/26), respectively (Chan et al., 2019).

Another study investigates the diagnostic profiles of 436 consecutive patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment at Princess Margaret Hospital in Hong Kong between 1999 and 2004. The distribution of dementia subtypes were: Alzheimer’s disease 49.3%, Vascular dementia 23.1%, Dementia with Lewy bodies 4.6%, Frontotemporal dementia 1.6%, Mild cognitive impairment 6.2%, Undetermined dementia 4.4%, Other irreversible dementia 5.3%, and Reversible dementia 5.5%. Reversible dementia included depression, delirium, anxiety disorder, psychosis, hyponatremia, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, adjustment disorder, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Other irreversible dementia included Parkinson’s disease dementia, post-concussion dementia, brain tumour, subdural effusion, alcohol dementia, Huntington’s disease, anoxic brain insult, uraemia, and subarachnoid haemorrhage (Sheng et al., 2009).

References:

Chan, F. C., Chan, P., Chan, I., Chan, A., Tang, T. H., et al,. (2019). Cognitive screening in treatment-naïve HIV-infected individuals in Hong Kong–a single center study. BMC infectious diseases, 19(1), 156. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3784-y

Sheng, B., Law, C. B., & Yeung, K. M. (2009). Characteristics and diagnostic profile of patients seeking dementia care in a memory clinic in Hong Kong. International psychogeriatrics, 21(2), 392-400. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104161020800817X

The  prevalence of AIDS associated dementia is relatively low (1-2% of persons infected with HIV) in the Indian context (Ranga et al., 2004; Satischandra et al., 2000; Wadia et al., 2001).

References:

Ranga, U., Shankarappa, R., Siddappa, N. B., Ramakrishna, L., Nagendran, R., Mahalingam, M., Mahadevan, A., Jayasuryan, N., Satishchandra, P., Shankar, S. K., & Prasad, V. R. (2004). Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C strains is a defective chemokine. Journal of virology, 78(5), 2586–2590. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.5.2586-2590.2004

Satishchandra, P., Nalini, A., Gourie-Devi, M., Khanna, N., Santosh, V., Ravi, V., … & Shankar, S. K. (2000). Profile of neurologic disorders associated with HIV/AIDS from Bangalore, south India (1989-96). Indian Journal of Medical Research, 111, 14-23.

Wadia, R. S., Pujari, S. N., Kothari, S., Udhar, M., Kulkarni, S., Bhagat, S., & Nanivadekar, A. (2001). Neurological manifestations of HIV disease. The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 49, 343-348.

We found non data on the national prevalence or incidence of specific type of dementias.

No data was sourced.

There are no national statistics on HIV-related dementia in Kenya.

No data is yet available.

There is no NZ specific data on subgroups of dementia.

Due to the country’s high HIV/AIDS prevalence, HIV-associated dementia (HAD) is a potentially significant sub-group of dementias. The prevalence for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) is estimated to range between 15-60% (between settings) (Mogambery et al., 2017).

References:

Mogambery, J. C., Dawood, H., Wilson, D., & Moodley, A. (2017). HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in a KwaZulu-Natal HIV clinic: A prospective study. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, 18(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhivmed.v18i1.732