Brazil had a national election in October 2018, in which the current president (named Jair Bolsonaro) was elected. He is in post since January 2019. In September 2020, state and municipal elections will take place, and the new election for president will take place at the end of 2022.

Although Hong Kong has a high degree of autonomy, universal suffrage is currently only granted in District Council elections, and in elections for half of the Legislative Council. The Chief Executive of Hong Kong is elected through an electoral college with the majority of its members elected by a limited number of voters mainly within business and professional sectors.

Chief Executive election

The Chief Executive electione are held every 5 years, with the last one (5th term) held on 26 March 2017. It is elected by a broadly representative Election Committee (EC), which is composed of 1,200 members under 38 subsectors, comprising (a) 1,034 members of 35 subsectors who are returned through elections; (b) 106 ex-officio members (i.e., Hong Kong deputies of the National People’s Congress (NPC) and Members of the Legislative Council (LegCo) under the NPC subsector and the LegCo subsector); and (c) 60 members under the Religious subsector who are nominated by six designated bodies. The term of office is 5 years and will commence on the 1^st of February of the same year. The next election will be held in the year of 2022  (Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, 2019, April 30).

Legislative Council election

The Legislative Council election is held every 4 years, with the last one held on 4 September 2016 and followed by two by-elections respectively held on the 11^th of March and on the 25^th of November 2018. It is composed of 70 members, of which 35 are elected directly by geographical constituencies and 35 are elected by functional constituencies (including five elected by the District Council (second) functional constituency). The next election will be held in the year of 2020 (HKSAR Government, 2019, May-b).

District Council election

The District Council election is held every 4 years, with the last one held on the 24^th of November 2019. It is composed of 458 members under 18 District Councils, of which 431 are elected members and 27 are ex-officio members (i.e., Rural Committee Chairmen in the New Territories) (District Council Election 2015, 2015 September 22). The next election will be held in 2023 (Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau 2019, July 8).

References:

Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau (2019, July 8). HKSAR District Council Election. Retrieved from https://www.cmab.gov.hk/en/issues/electoral3.htm

Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau. (2019, April 30). Chief Executive Election. Retrieved from https://www.cmab.gov.hk/en/issues/electoral1.htm

District Council Election 2015. (2015, September 22). District Council Brief. Retrieved from https://www.elections.gov.hk/dc2015/eng/dcbriefs.html#2

HKSAR Government. (2019, May-b). Government Structure. Retrieved from https://www.gov.hk/en/about/govdirectory/govstructure.htm

The next election is expected to be scheduled by May 2024 to constitute the 18^th Lok Sabha. The 17^th Lok Sabha (General Elections) resulted in a second consecutive victory for the Bharatya Jantha Party (BJP), which is led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi (Election Commission of India, 2019).

References:

Election Commission of India. (2019). Election Commission of India launches Voter Verification and Information Programme (VVIP) for upcoming General Elections 2019 – Press Available from https://eci.gov.in/files/file/9332-election-commission-of-india-launches-voter-verification-and-information-programme-vvip-for-upcoming-general-elections-2019/

Presidential and legislative elections were held in April 2019. Joko Widodo was sworn into his second term of presidency for 2019-2024. There was quite a major reshuffle of the cabinet, including a change in the Minister of Health. Current Minister of Health is Terawan Agus Putranto (Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia, 2019). The next elections are anticipated to be in 2024 (BBC, 2019; Qatar Embassy in Jakarta – Republic of Indonesia, 2018).

References:

BBC. (2019). Indonesia profile – Timeline. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-15114517

Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Republik Indonesia. (2019). Didominasi Profesional, Inilah Menteri Kabinet Indonesia Maju. https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/22321/didominasi-profesional-inilah-menteri-kabinet-indonesia-maju/0/berita

Qatar Embassy in Jakarta – Republic of Indonesia. (2018). Political System. http://jakarta.embassy.qa/en/indonesia/political-system

Jamaica has two major political parties – the People’s National Party (PNP) and the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP). There is a history of political violence between supporters of opposing parties. The Hon. Andrew Holness is currently Jamaica’s ninth sitting Prime Minister, following the victory of the Jamaica Labour Party at the polls in 2016. The next general election in Jamaica is due in 2021.

According to the constitution of Kenya, general election of members of parliament should take place every five years on the second Tuesday in August. The next major elections will take place on 9^th August 2022. Executive authority continues to lie within the mandate of the president who is elected to a five-year term through universal adult suffrage of more than 50% of the votes and at least 25% of the votes cast in each of 24 out of the 47 counties (Kenya Law Reports, 2013).

References:

Kenya Law Reports. (2013). The Constitution of Kenya, 2010. Nairobi, Kenya. http://www.kenyalaw.org/lex/actview.xql?actid=Const2010

The last presidential elections were celebrated in July 2018 with Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, from the Morena party, winning the elections by overwhelming majority. In this electoral period, there were elections for all Congress members and elections for state Governor in 8 states. The next presidential elections will be held in the year 2024.

Elections are held every 3 years with the next election due in October 2020.

National elections occur every 5 years, with the last one held on the 8^th May 2019, re-electing the same ruling party (i.e., the African National Congress) with no radical changes to be expected. South African citizens aged 18 years and over elect a ruling party for the Provincial as well as for a National Government.