The prevalence of different severity and subtypes of dementia are reported in question 06.02.01. For HIV-dementia, a study estimates the prevalence of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder of 98 participants from Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Hong Kong using the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) from 2013 to 2015. The results show that 38 (39%) and 25 (26%) participants scored below the cut-offs of IHDS (≤10) and MoCA (25/26), respectively (Chan et al., 2019).

Another study investigates the diagnostic profiles of 436 consecutive patients with dementia and mild cognitive impairment at Princess Margaret Hospital in Hong Kong between 1999 and 2004. The distribution of dementia subtypes were: Alzheimer’s disease 49.3%, Vascular dementia 23.1%, Dementia with Lewy bodies 4.6%, Frontotemporal dementia 1.6%, Mild cognitive impairment 6.2%, Undetermined dementia 4.4%, Other irreversible dementia 5.3%, and Reversible dementia 5.5%. Reversible dementia included depression, delirium, anxiety disorder, psychosis, hyponatremia, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, adjustment disorder, and vitamin B12 deficiency. Other irreversible dementia included Parkinson’s disease dementia, post-concussion dementia, brain tumour, subdural effusion, alcohol dementia, Huntington’s disease, anoxic brain insult, uraemia, and subarachnoid haemorrhage (Sheng et al., 2009).

References:

Chan, F. C., Chan, P., Chan, I., Chan, A., Tang, T. H., et al,. (2019). Cognitive screening in treatment-naïve HIV-infected individuals in Hong Kong–a single center study. BMC infectious diseases, 19(1), 156. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-019-3784-y

Sheng, B., Law, C. B., & Yeung, K. M. (2009). Characteristics and diagnostic profile of patients seeking dementia care in a memory clinic in Hong Kong. International psychogeriatrics, 21(2), 392-400. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104161020800817X