South Africa has “Policy guidelines on seclusion and restraint of health care users” that guide practitioners on the use of these methods to contain only severely disturbed behaviours (i.e., where other techniques have failed) that are likely to cause harm to the self and others, including property (for more detail, see DOH, 2012).

References:

DOH. (2012). Policy Guidelines on Seclusion and Restraint of Mental Health Care users. Available from: https://www.knowledgehub.org.za/system/files/elibdownloads/2019-07/Policy%2520guidelines%2520on%2520seclusion%2520and%2520restraint%2520of%2520mental%2520health%2520care%2520users%25202012.pdf