Environmental:

The Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (gfdrr.org) has looked at the risks posed by earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, and more across the world. New Zealand is ranked high-risk for almost every possible catastrophe, except extreme heat and water scarcity (GFDRR, n.d.).

Infrastructure:

Infrastructure refers to the fixed, long-lived structures that facilitate the production of goods and services, including transport, water, energy, social assets, and digital infrastructure such as our broadband and mobile networks. Broadly speaking, New Zealand has a good national infrastructure base bolstered by the expenditure on infrastructure in recent years to address historic underinvestment.

New Zealand’s infrastructure faces a number of challenges, including the need to renew ageing infrastructure, the pressures of an aging and urbanising population, tight fiscal constraints, changing technology, the effects of climate change, and the increased pressure on our natural resources (The Treasury, 2019).

The National state of infrastructure report 2016 (The Treasury, n.d.) provides snapshots of the state of the different infrastructure aspects.

References:

Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR). (n.d.). New Zealand. Available from: https://www.thinkhazard.org/en/report/179-new-zealand.

The Treasury. (2019). Infrastructure. (2019). The Treasury website. Available from: https://treasury.govt.nz/information-and-services/nz-economy/infrastructure.

The Treasury. (n.d.). National State of Infrastructure Report 2016. National Infrastructure Advisory Board and the Treasury’s National Infrastructure Unit. Available from: https://treasury.govt.nz/sites/default/files/2019-10/3603102_1%202016%20State%20of%20Infrastructure%20Report.pdf.